A home-based treadmill training reduced epicardial and abdominal fat in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome.

INTRODUCTION: The current study was designed to determine the effect of home-based treadmill training on epicardial and abdominal adipose tissue in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome (MS). A secondary objective was to identify significant correlations between imaging and conventional anthropometric parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty postmenopausal women with MS volunteered for the current trial. Thirty were randomly assigned to perform a supervised home-based 16-week treadmill training program, 3 sessions/week, consisting of a warm-up, 30-40 min treadmill exercise (increasing 5-minutes each 4-weeks) at a work intensity of 60-75% of peak heart rate (increasing 5% each 4-weeks) and cooling-down. Epicardial fat thickness (EFT) was assessed by echocardiography. Abdominal fat mass in the lumbar regions L1-L4 and L4-L5 was determined by dual X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: Epicardial fat thickness and abdominal fat percentages were significantly improved after the completion of the training program. Another striking feature of the current study was the moderate correlation that was found between EFT and waist circumference (WC). CONCLUSION: Home-based treadmill training reduced epicardial and abdominal fat in postmenopausal women with MS. A secondary finding was that a moderate correlation was found between EFT and WC. While current investigations are promising, future studies are still required to consolidate this approach in clinical application.

Introducción: El presente estudio se diseñó para conocer la influencia de un programa de entrenamiento aeróbico domiciliario en la masa grasa epicárdica y abdominal de mujeres postmenopausicas con síndrome metabólico (SM). Un segundo objetivo fue identificar correlaciones significativas entre las variables antropométricas ensayadas. Material y Método: Participaron voluntariamente un total de 60 mujeres postmenopausicas con diagnóstico de SM que se distribuyeron aleatoriamente en el grupo de intervención (n=30) o control (n=30). El programa de intervención, desarrollado en el domicilio, consistió en un entrenamiento en tapiz rodante de 16 semanas, 3 sesiones/ semana. La parte principal se realizó a una intensidad del 60-75%FCmax (incrementando 5% cada 4 semanas) durante 30-40 minutos (incrementando 5-minutos cada 4-semanas). La masa grasa epicárdica se determinó mediante ecocardiografía. La masa grasa abdominal de las regiones de interés L1-L4 y L4-L5 se determinó mediante densitometría. Resultados: Se observó un descenso significativo tanto de la masa grasa epicárdica como abdominal tras completar el entrenamiento. Se identificó una correlación moderada entre la masa grasa epicárdica y el perímetro de la cintura de las participantes que podría facilitar su seguimiento clínico. Conclusión: Un programa de entrenamiento de resistencia redujo la masa grasa epicárdica y abdominal. Futuros estudios en esta línea son aún necesarios.

A 6-week training program increased muscle antioxidant system in elderly diabetic fatty rats.

BACKGROUND: It is widely accepted that oxidative stress is associated with the physiopathology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In fact, it has been pointed out as a therapeutic target in T2DM. Fortunately, several papers have reported that long-term training programs improved the antioxidant system in young and adult diabetic rats. Accordingly, this study was designed to assess the influence of a shorter training program in elderly diabetic fatty rats. MATERIAL/METHODS: Study subjects were 24 male homozygous Zucker diabetic fatty rats (Gmi, fa/fa) aged 18 weeks with an average weight of 370-450 g. After a 2-week period of environmental adaptation, animals were randomly distributed into the Exercised Group (n=12) that performed a 6-week swimming training protocol and the Sedentary Group (n=12). Animals were sacrificed under anesthesia 24 h after the last exercise session. Serum metabolic profile was determined. Total antioxidant status (TAS), MnSOD expression, glutathione status and ROS generation were assayed in gastrocnemius muscle. RESULTS: When compared with controls, exercised rats significantly improved their metabolic profile. Total antioxidant status (0.19±0.002 vs. 0.13±0.002 µg/mg protein; p<0.001) and MnSOD expression (8471±90 vs. 6258±102 U/µg protein; p=0.003) were also increased in exercised rats. CONCLUSIONS: A 6-week swimming training program improved the antioxidant system in elderly fatty diabetic rats. Fortunately, this improvement was enough to reduce oxidative damage, expressed as protein oxidation. A major finding of this study was that our training protocol lasted just 6 weeks, in contrast to longer protocols previously published.

Mejora de defensas antioxidantes mediante ejercicio aeróbico en mujeres con síndrome metabólico / Aerobic training improves antioxidant defense system in women with metabolic syndrome

En la actualidad se acepta que el daño oxidativo juega un papel esencial en la patogénesis del síndrome metabólico. Estudios recientes proponen al daño oxidativo como diana terapéutica frente al síndrome metabólico. Precisamente nuestro objetivo fue mejorar el estatus total antioxidante (TAS) de mujeres con síndrome metabólico mediante ejercicio aeróbico. Participaron voluntariamente 100 mujeres con síndrome metabólico de acuerdo con los criterios del National Cholesterol Educational Program (Adult-Treatment-Panel-III) distribuidas aleatoriamente en grupo experimental (n = 60) y control (n = 40). El grupo experimental desarrolló un programa de entrenamiento aeróbico sobre tapiz rodante de intensidad ligera/moderada de 12 semanas (5 sesiones/semana). La determinación del TAS plasmático se realizó mediante espectrofotometría utilizando kits comercializados por Randox Lab. Este protocolo fue aprobado por un Comité de Etica Institucional. Tras completar el programa de entrenamiento se incrementó significativamente el TAS (0.79 ± 0.05 vs.1.01 ± 0.03 mmol/l; p = 0.027). No hubo cambios en grupo control. El ejercicio aeróbico de intensidad ligera/moderada aumenta las defensas antioxidantes en mujeres con síndrome metabólico. Son necesarios futuros estudios longitudinales para conocer su impacto en la evolución clínica.

A 12-week training protocol increased antioxidant defense system in young adult women with metabolic syndrome. It is generally accepted that oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, recent studies have reported that stress may be acting as a therapeutic target in metabolic syndrome. Consequently, this study was designed to explore whether aerobic training may increase plasmatic total antioxidant status in women with metabolic syndrome. A total of 100 young adult women with metabolic syndrome according to the criteria reported by the National Cholesterol Education Program (Adult-Treatment-Panel-III) volunteered for this study. Of them, 60 were randomly included in the experimental group to enter a 12-week aerobic training program, 5 days/week, at low/moderate intensity. The control group included 40 age, sex and body mass index (BMI)-matched women with metabolic syndrome who did not enter any training program. Total antioxidant status (TAS) was assayed in plasma using colorimetric Randox kits. This protocol was approved by an Institutional Ethics Committee. When compared to baseline, plasmatic TAS was significantly increased (0.79 ± 0.05 Vs 1.01 ± 0.03 mmol/l; p = 0.027). No changes were found in controls. A 12-week aerobic training program increased plasmatic TAS in adult women with metabolic syndrome. Further long-term well-conducted studies are required in order to highlight the potential clinical benefits of TAS improvement.

Mejora de defensas antioxidantes mediante ejercicio aeróbico en mujeres con síndrome metabólico / Aerobic training improves antioxidant defense system in women with metabolic syndrome

En la actualidad se acepta que el daño oxidativo juega un papel esencial en la patogénesis del síndrome metabólico. Estudios recientes proponen al daño oxidativo como diana terapéutica frente al síndrome metabólico. Precisamente nuestro objetivo fue mejorar el estatus total antioxidante (TAS) de mujeres con síndrome metabólico mediante ejercicio aeróbico. Participaron voluntariamente 100 mujeres con síndrome metabólico de acuerdo con los criterios del National Cholesterol Educational Program (Adult-Treatment-Panel-III) distribuidas aleatoriamente en grupo experimental (n = 60) y control (n = 40). El grupo experimental desarrolló un programa de entrenamiento aeróbico sobre tapiz rodante de intensidad ligera/moderada de 12 semanas (5 sesiones/semana). La determinación del TAS plasmático se realizó mediante espectrofotometría utilizando kits comercializados por Randox Lab. Este protocolo fue aprobado por un Comité de Etica Institucional. Tras completar el programa de entrenamiento se incrementó significativamente el TAS (0.79 ± 0.05 vs.1.01 ± 0.03 mmol/l; p = 0.027). No hubo cambios en grupo control. El ejercicio aeróbico de intensidad ligera/moderada aumenta las defensas antioxidantes en mujeres con síndrome metabólico. Son necesarios futuros estudios longitudinales para conocer su impacto en la evolución clínica.(AU)

A 12-week training protocol increased antioxidant defense system in young adult women with metabolic syndrome. It is generally accepted that oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, recent studies have reported that stress may be acting as a therapeutic target in metabolic syndrome. Consequently, this study was designed to explore whether aerobic training may increase plasmatic total antioxidant status in women with metabolic syndrome. A total of 100 young adult women with metabolic syndrome according to the criteria reported by the National Cholesterol Education Program (Adult-Treatment-Panel-III) volunteered for this study. Of them, 60 were randomly included in the experimental group to enter a 12-week aerobic training program, 5 days/week, at low/moderate intensity. The control group included 40 age, sex and body mass index (BMI)-matched women with metabolic syndrome who did not enter any training program. Total antioxidant status (TAS) was assayed in plasma using colorimetric Randox kits. This protocol was approved by an Institutional Ethics Committee. When compared to baseline, plasmatic TAS was significantly increased (0.79 ± 0.05 Vs 1.01 ± 0.03 mmol/l; p = 0.027). No changes were found in controls. A 12-week aerobic training program increased plasmatic TAS in adult women with metabolic syndrome. Further long-term well-conducted studies are required in order to highlight the potential clinical benefits of TAS improvement.(AU)

Mejora de defensas antioxidantes mediante ejercicio aeróbico en mujeres con síndrome metabólico / Aerobic training improves antioxidant defense system in women with metabolic syndrome

En la actualidad se acepta que el daño oxidativo juega un papel esencial en la patogénesis del síndrome metabólico. Estudios recientes proponen al daño oxidativo como diana terapéutica frente al síndrome metabólico. Precisamente nuestro objetivo fue mejorar el estatus total antioxidante (TAS) de mujeres con síndrome metabólico mediante ejercicio aeróbico. Participaron voluntariamente 100 mujeres con síndrome metabólico de acuerdo con los criterios del National Cholesterol Educational Program (Adult-Treatment-Panel-III) distribuidas aleatoriamente en grupo experimental (n = 60) y control (n = 40). El grupo experimental desarrolló un programa de entrenamiento aeróbico sobre tapiz rodante de intensidad ligera/moderada de 12 semanas (5 sesiones/semana). La determinación del TAS plasmático se realizó mediante espectrofotometría utilizando kits comercializados por Randox Lab. Este protocolo fue aprobado por un Comité de Etica Institucional. Tras completar el programa de entrenamiento se incrementó significativamente el TAS (0.79 ñ 0.05 vs.1.01 ñ 0.03 mmol/l; p = 0.027). No hubo cambios en grupo control. El ejercicio aeróbico de intensidad ligera/moderada aumenta las defensas antioxidantes en mujeres con síndrome metabólico. Son necesarios futuros estudios longitudinales para conocer su impacto en la evolución clínica.(AU)

A 12-week training protocol increased antioxidant defense system in young adult women with metabolic syndrome. It is generally accepted that oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, recent studies have reported that stress may be acting as a therapeutic target in metabolic syndrome. Consequently, this study was designed to explore whether aerobic training may increase plasmatic total antioxidant status in women with metabolic syndrome. A total of 100 young adult women with metabolic syndrome according to the criteria reported by the National Cholesterol Education Program (Adult-Treatment-Panel-III) volunteered for this study. Of them, 60 were randomly included in the experimental group to enter a 12-week aerobic training program, 5 days/week, at low/moderate intensity. The control group included 40 age, sex and body mass index (BMI)-matched women with metabolic syndrome who did not enter any training program. Total antioxidant status (TAS) was assayed in plasma using colorimetric Randox kits. This protocol was approved by an Institutional Ethics Committee. When compared to baseline, plasmatic TAS was significantly increased (0.79 ñ 0.05 Vs 1.01 ñ 0.03 mmol/l; p = 0.027). No changes were found in controls. A 12-week aerobic training program increased plasmatic TAS in adult women with metabolic syndrome. Further long-term well-conducted studies are required in order to highlight the potential clinical benefits of TAS improvement.(AU)

[Aerobic training improves antioxidant defense system in women with metabolic syndrome]. / Mejora de defensas antioxidantes mediante ejercicio aeróbico en mujeres con síndrome metabólico.

A 12-week training protocol increased antioxidant defense system in young adult women with metabolic syndrome. It is generally accepted that oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, recent studies have reported that stress may be acting as a therapeutic target in metabolic syndrome. Consequently, this study was designed to explore whether aerobic training may increase plasmatic total antioxidant status in women with metabolic syndrome. A total of 100 young adult women with metabolic syndrome according to the criteria reported by the National Cholesterol Education Program (Adult-Treatment-Panel-III) volunteered for this study. Of them, 60 were randomly included in the experimental group to enter a 12-week aerobic training program, 5 days/week, at low/moderate intensity. The control group included 40 age, sex and body mass index (BMI)-matched women with metabolic syndrome who did not enter any training program. Total antioxidant status (TAS) was assayed in plasma using colorimetric Randox kits. This protocol was approved by an Institutional Ethics Committee. When compared to baseline, plasmatic TAS was significantly increased (0.79 ± 0.05 Vs 1.01 ± 0.03 mmol/l; p = 0.027). No changes were found in controls. A 12-week aerobic training program increased plasmatic TAS in adult women with metabolic syndrome. Further long-term well-conducted studies are required in order to highlight the potential clinical benefits of TAS improvement.

La morfología femenina como método de valoración de la estética corporal em estudiantes universitarias de Andalucia (España) / Na aesthetic analysis by means of assessment of female morphology in university students from Andalusia (Spain)

El presente trabajo pretende conocer y analizar la morfoestética corporal real e ideal de la mujer joven universitaria de Andalucía (España). Para ello diseñamos un estudio en el que participarán 400 jóvenes, 50 porcada una de las universidades de las 8 provincias andaluzas, a las que se hará un examen antropométrico paradeterminar su índice de masa corporal así como el porcentaje de masa grasa. Asimismo cada participantecumplimentará un cuestionario diseñado por nuestro propio equipo con 20 ítems referentes a la morfoestética. El valor medio del IMC de las encuestadas fue de 21.45 ± 1.68 Kg/m2 con un porcentaje de masa grasa del 25.13 ± 2.46 % lo que en conjunto muestra una clara tendencia a la delgadez. Igualmente convendría destacarse que el 77% de las jóvenes universitarias afirmó encontrarse satisfecha con su imagen corporal y que tan solo el 11% considero que si adelgazara se sentiría más feliz. En cualquier caso es interesante que la práctica deejercicio físico sea el método preferido mayoritariamente para perder peso.De todo esto se deduce, además dela coherencia en las respuestas, que las jóvenes estudiantes universitarias andaluzas son conscientes de sufigura corporal y se sienten mayoritariamente a gusto con su cuerpo que encaja en un prototipo muy similar almarcado por la sociedad actual.

In the present study the actual and desired morpho-aesthetic aspects of young female university students from Andalusia (Spain) were assessed and analyzed. To reach this goal, 400 young female students from 8 Universities of Andalusia enrolled the study. Initially they all underwent a kineanthropometric assessment to determine their Body Mass Index as well as their fat mass percentage. They filled out an anonymous questionnaire that included 20 items referred to morpho-aesthetics aspects. The mean value of BMI was 21.45 ± 1.68 Kg/m2 and the fat mass percentage of the group was 25.13 ± 2.46 % of total body mass. In addition, 77% of participants accept their body image whereas only 11% of them expressed that they would be happier if they lose weight. In any case it should be mentioned that physical activity was considered the best strategy to loseweight. Finally, we concluded that young female university students from Andalucia accept their body imagebecause, among other reasons, it is very similar to the morphological type valued by our society.